Short forms (Formas cortas)

En inglés, el uso de las formas cortas es muy común, en particular se utilizan en el lenguaje coloquial y en situaciones informales.

Los verbos en el presente que tienen formas cortas son "to be" (ser/estar) y "to have"/"have got" (tener). "To do" (forma auxiliar) tiene una forma corta, pero sólo en el negativo.

To be

Afirmativo	Forma corta	Negativo	Forma corta
I am	I'm	I am not	I'm not
You are	You're	You are not	You're not/You aren't
He is	He's	He is not	He's not/He isn't
She is	She's	She is not	She's not/She isn't
It is	It's	It is not	It's not/It isn't
We are	We're	We are not	We're not/We aren't
They are	They're	They are not	They're not/They aren't

Ejemplos:
I'm happy.
Play
I'm happy. (Estoy contento.)
You're tall.
Play
You're tall. (Eres alto.)
She's pretty.
Play
She's pretty. (Es guapa.)
It's 10:00.
Play
It's 10:00. (Son las 10h.)
He's not here. He isn't here.
Play
He's not here./He isn't here. (No está aqui.)
They're not Spanish. They aren't Spanish.
Play
They're not Spanish./They aren't Spanish. (No son españoles.)

To have/have got

Afirmativo	Forma corta	Negativo	Forma corta
I have	I've	I have not	I've not/I haven't
You have	You've	You have not	You've not/You haven't
He has	He's	He has not	He's not/He hasn't
She has	She's	She has not	She's not/She hasn't
It has	It's	It has not	It's not/It hasn't
We have	We've	We have not	We've not/We haven't
They have	They've	They have not	They've not/They haven't

Ejemplos:
I've got a car.
Play
I've got a car.(Tengo un coche.)
You've got blue eyes.
Play
You've got blue eyes. (Tienes ojos azules.)
He's got big feet.
Play
He's got big feet. (Tiene pies grandes.)
It's not got a home. It hasn't got a home.
Play
It's [the cat] not got a home./It hasn't got a home. (No tiene casa.)
They've not got children. They haven't got children.
Play
They've not got children./They haven't got children. (No tienen hijos.)

Nota: Para "have got" solemos usar la forma corta en el presente en vez de la forma larga. No usamos la forma corta de "to have" para indicar posesión. Veremos ejemplos del uso de la forma corta de "to have" en la lección del presente perfecto.

Para indicar posesión, no podemos decir:
I've car.
He's blue eyes.

To do

Negativo Forma corta

I do not I don't

You do not You don't

He does not He doesn't

She does not She doesn't

It does not It doesn't

We do not We don't

They do not They don't
- Ejemplos:
- I don't know.
  Play
  I don't know.(No sé.)
- She doesn't like ice cream.
  Play
  She doesn't like ice cream. (No le gusta el helado.)
- It doesn't snow here.
  Play
  It doesn't snow here. (No nieva aquí.)
- We don't have children.
  Play
  We don't have children.(No tenemos hijos.)
Nota: Hay más información sobre el uso del auxiliar en las lecciones sobre construir frases y los verbos
Además de los pronombres personales, podemos usar formas cortas con pronombres interrogativos y las palabras "here" (aquí), "there" (allí) y "that" (eso).
- Ejemplos:
- Where's the concert?
  Play
  Where's the concert? (¿Dónde es el concierto?)
- Who's that?
  Play
  Who's that? (¿Quién es?)
- How's your father?
  Play
  How's your father? (¿Cómo está tu padre?)
- Here's the book.
  Play
  Here's the book. (Aquí está el libro.)
- That's mine.
  Play
  That's mine. (Eso es mío.)

Forma larga	Forma corta
What is	What's
Who is	Who's
When is	When's
Where is	Where's
How is	How's
Here is	Here's
There is	There's
That is	That's

Nota: Existen más formas cortas con otros tiempos verbales. Las veremos en las lecciones correspondientes.

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Short forms (Formas cortas)

Negativo	Forma corta
I do not	I don't
You do not	You don't
He does not	He doesn't
She does not	She doesn't
It does not	It doesn't
We do not	We don't
They do not	They don't