Conjunctions: English lesson.

Texts in English

Conjunctions are used to connect words and/or clauses and are sometimes also referred to as “linking words”. There are two types of conjunction (coordinating and subordinating) and their position within the sentence depends on the type of conjunction. In addition, conjunctions have three forms.

The most commonly used conjunctions are: “and”, “but” and “or”.

Examples:

She works at a bank and goes to university.

I like to swim in the ocean, but only if the water is warm.

We can study now or later.

Types of Conjunctions

1. Coordinating Conjunctions: This type of conjunction is used when we want to connect two clauses that have the same value or are grammatically equal.

and, but, however, or, so, then, therefore,…

Position: Coordinating conjunctions are always located between the words or phrases that they connect.

Examples:

She likes to sing and dance.

I want to move to London so I am studying English.

They are moving to Barcelona, however they really like Madrid.

2. Subordinating Conjunctions: We use this type of conjunction when one of the clauses of the sentence depends on the other (subordinate clause); the subordinate clause does not make sense without the main clause. Most conjunctions are of this type.

although, as, after, before, if, since, so that,
until, when…

Position: Subordinating conjunctions generally are found in front of the subordinate clause.

Examples:

I have been working at the bank since 2005.

She is studying English so that she can move to London.

They went to the beach although it was raining.

Form

Conjunctions have three forms:

1. Simple: a single word
2. Compound: more than one word that is generally followed by “as” or “that”
3. Correlative: surrounding an adjective or adverb, such as “if…then”.

Below is a list of conjunctions with their definition, type and form.

C = Coordinating conjunction
S = Subordinating conjunction

Conjunction/Definition	Form	C	S
after following in time; at a later time	simple		X
although though; despite the fact that; used when making a statement that differs from or contrasts with a previously made statement}	simple		X
and used to join/connect words or clauses; presents non-contrasting objects or ideas; used to start a new clause that continues or adds to a previous clause; added to or in addition; plus	simple	X
as to the same degree or amount; used to introduce an example	simple		X
as…as used for making comparisons, to say that two things are equal in some way	correlative		X
as long as provided/providing; on condition that; if and only if	compound		X
as soon as when; immediately after something happens	compound		X
as well as in addition to; and	compound	X
because for the reason that	simple		X
before at an earlier time	simple		X
both…and used to indicate that two people or things are being referred to rather than just one	correlative	X
but presents a contrast or exception	simple	X
either…or used to indicate choices or possibilities; one or the other of two	correlative	X
even if used to stress that something will happen despite something else that might prevent it	compound		X
even though a stronger way to say “though” or “although”	compound		X
however presents a contrast or exception	simple	X
if used to talk about the result or effect of something that may happen or be true; used with conditional statements	simple		X
in case used to talk about something that might happen or be true	compound		X
in order to to make it possible for something to happen	compound		X
moreover in addition	simple	X
neither…nor used to indicate two or more things about which something is not true; not one or the other of two people or things	correlative	X
nevertheless in spite of; however	simple	X
nor presents a non-contrasting negative idea	simple	X
now that since something is true; because of the fact that something happened	compound		X
or presents an alternative; used to introduce another choice or possibility	simple	X
once at the moment when; as soon as	simple		X
since from the time in the past when; used to introduce a statement that explains the reasons for another statement	simple		X
so presents a consequence; for that reason; therefore	simple	X
so that to make it possible for something to happen; in order to	compound		X
then used to indicate what happened or happens next; used to indicate what must be true or what should happen if something else happens	simple	X
therefore presents a reason; because of that	simple	X
though although; despite the fact that; used when making a statement that differs from or contrasts with a previously made statement	simple		X
unless used to say what will happen or be true if something else does not happen or is not true	simple		X
until up to the time or point that	simple		X
when at, during or just after the time that; used to say what happens or is true in a particular situation	simple		X
whereas used to describe how two people, groups, etc. are different	simple		X
whether if it is or was true that	simple		X
whether…or used to indicate choices or possibilities	correlative		X
yet presents a contrast or exception	simple	X

Las conjunciones son empleadas para enlazar entre sí las palabras y/o oraciones. Hay dos tipos de conjunciones y la posición que tiene dentro de una oración depende del tipo. Además, hay tres formas de conjunciones.

Las conjunciones más comunes son “and,” “but” y “or”.

Ejemplos:

She works at a bank and goes to university.(Trabaja en un banco y va a la universidad.)

I like to swim in the ocean, but only if the water is warm.(Me gusta nadar en el océano, pero sólo si el agua está caliente.)

We can study now or later.(Podemos estudiar ahora o más tarde.)

Types of Conjunctions (Los tipos de conjunciones)

1. Conjunciones coordinantes: Este tipo de conjunción se utiliza cuando queremos enlazar dos frases que tienen el mismo valor.

and (y), but (pero), however (sin embargo), or (o), so (así que), then (entonces), therefore (por lo tanto), yet (aún)…

Posición: Siempre van entre las frases o palabras.

Ejemplos:

She likes to sing and dance.(Le gusta cantar y bailar.)

I want to move to London so I am studying English.(Quiero mudarme a Londres, por lo tanto estoy estudiando inglés.)

They are moving to Barcelona, however they really like Madrid.(Se mudan a Barcelona sin embargo les gusta mucho Madrid.)

2. Conjunciones subordinantes: Se utiliza este tipo de conjunción cuando una de las frases depende de la otra (frase subordinada). La frase subordinada no tiene sentido sin la otra. La mayoría de conjunciones son subordinantes.

although (aunque), as (como), after (después), before (antes),
if (si), since (ya que), so that (para que), until (hasta), when (cuando)…

Posición: En general van delante de la frase subordinada.

Ejemplos:

I have been working at the bank since 2005.(Llevo trabajando en el banco desde 2005.)

She is studying English so that she can move to London.(Está estudiando inglés para que pueda mudarse a Londres.)

They went to the beach although it was raining.(Fueron a la playa aunque estaba lloviendo.)

Form (Forma)

Hay tres formas de conjunciones.

1. Simple: de una sola palabra
2. Compuesta: más de una palabra y generalmente seguido por “as” o “that”
3. Correlativa: rodean a un adjetivo o a un adverbio, tales como “if…then”.

A continuación hay una lista de las conjunciones con su significado, tipo y forma.

C = Coordinante
S = Subordinante

Inglés	Forma	C	S
after después de	simple		X
although aunque	simple		X
and y	simple	X
as como, cuando, mientras	simple		X
as…as tan…como	correlativa		X
as long as siempre que, con tal de que	compuesta		X
as soon as en cuanto, tan pronto… como	compuesta		X
as well as además de, así como, también	compuesta	X
because porque	simple		X
before antes de	simple		X
both…and no sólo, sino también, tanto…como	compuesta	X
but pero, sino	simple	X
either…or o…o	correlativa	X
even if aunque	compuesta		X
even though aunque	compuesta		X
however sin embargo	simple	X
if si	simple		X
in case en caso de que, por si	compuesta		X
in order to para, con objeto de	compuesta		X
moreover además	simple	X
neither…nor ni…ni	correlativa	X
nevertheless sin embargo, no obstante	simple	X
nor ni	simple	X
now that ahora que	compuesta		X
or o	simple	X
once una vez que	simple		X
since desde que	simple		X
so así que	simple	X
so that para que	compuesta		X
then entonces	simple	X
therefore por lo tanto, por consiguiente	simple	X
though aunque	simple		X
unless a menos que	simple		X
until hasta que	simple		X
when cuando	simple		X
whereas mientras que	simple		X
whether si	simple		X
whether…or si…o	correlativa		X
yet sin embargo, no obstante	simple	X

Conjunctions - Lesson 3.1

Conjunctions

(Las conjunciones)

Types of Conjunctions

Form

Types of Conjunctions (Los tipos de conjunciones)

Form (Forma)