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Escucharás "I'm happy" mucho más que "I am happy" porque en inglés las formas cortas se usan frecuentemente. En esta lección vas a aprender cómo usar estas formas cortas.
Textos enEspañol
En inglés, el uso de las formas cortas es muy común, en particular se utilizan en el lenguaje coloquial y en situaciones informales.
Los verbos en el presente que tienen formas cortas son "to be" (ser/estar) y "to have"/"have got" (tener). "To do" (forma auxiliar) tiene una forma corta, pero sólo en el negativo.
1. To be
Afirmativo
Forma corta
Negativo
Forma corta
I am
I'm
I am not
I'm not
you are
you're
you are not
you're not you aren't
he is
he's
he is not
he's not he isn't
she is
she's
she is not
she's not she isn't
it is
it's
it is not
it's not it isn't
we are
we're
we are not
we're not we aren't
they are
they're
they are not
they're not they aren't
Ejemplos:
I'm happy.(Estoy contento.)
You're tall.(Eres alto.)
She's pretty.(Es guapa.)
It's 10:00.(Son las 10h.)
He's not here./He isn't here.(No está aqui.)
They're not Spanish./They aren't Spanish.(No son españoles.)
2. To have got
Afirmativo
Forma corta
Negativo
Forma corta
I have got
I've got
I have not got
I've not got I haven't got
you have got
you've got
you have not got
you've not got you haven't got
he has got
he's got
he has not got
he's not got he hasn't
she has got
she's got
she has not got
she's not got she hasn't got
it has got
it's got
it has not got
it's not got it hasn't got
we have got
we've got
we have not got
we've not got we haven't got
they have got
they've got
they have not got
they've not got they haven't got
Ejemplos:
I've got a car.(Tengo un coche.)
You've got blue eyes.(Tienes ojos azules.)
He's got big feet.(Tiene pies grandes.)
It [the cat] hasn't got a home.(No tiene casa.)
They've not got children./They haven't got children.(No tienen hijos.)
Nota: Para "have got" solemos usar la forma corta en el presente en vez de la forma larga. No usamos la forma corta de "to have" para indicar posesión. Veremos ejemplos del uso de la forma corta de "to have" en la lección del presente perfecto.
Para indicar posesión, no podemos decir:
I've car.
He's blue eyes.
Nota: Para "have got" solemos usar la forma corta en el presente en vez de la forma larga. No usamos la forma corta de "to have" para indicar posesión. Veremos ejemplos del uso de la forma corta de "to have" en la lección del presente perfecto.
Para indicar posesión, no podemos decir:
I've car.
He's blue eyes.
3. To do
Negativo
Forma corta
I do not
I don't
you do not
you don't
he does not
he doesn't
she does not
she doesn't
it does not
it doesn't
we do not
we don't
they do not
they don't
Ejemplos:
I don't know.(No sé.)
She doesn't like ice cream.(No le gusta el helado.)
Nota: Hay más información sobre el uso del auxiliar en las lecciones sobre construir frases, los verbos y el presente simple.
4. Además de los pronombres personales, podemos usar formas cortas con pronombres interrogativos y las palabras "here" (aquí), "there" (allí) y "that" (eso).
Ejemplos:
Where's the concert?(¿Dónde es el concierto?)
Who's that?(¿Quién es?)
How's your father?(¿Cómo está tu padre?)
Here's the book.(Aquí está el libro.)
That's mine.(Eso es mío.)
Forma larga
Forma corta
What is
What's
Who is
Who's
When is
When's
Where is
Where's
How is
How's
Here is
Here's
There is
There's
That is
That's
Nota: Existen más formas cortas con otros tiempos verbales. Las veremos en las lecciones correspondientes.
The use of short forms is very common in English, particularly in colloquial English and in informal situations.
Verbs in the present tense which have short forms are "to be", "to have got" and "to have" (when used as an auxiliary verb). There is also a short form for the verb "to do", but only when it is used as an auxiliary verb and only in the negative.
1. To be
Afirmativo
Forma corta
Negativo
Forma corta
I am
I'm
I am not
I'm not
you are
you're
you are not
you're not you aren't
he is
he's
he is not
he's not he isn't
she is
she's
she is not
she's not she isn't
it is
it's
it is not
it's not it isn't
we are
we're
we are not
we're not we aren't
they are
they're
they are not
they're not they aren't
Examples:
I'm happy.
You're tall.
She's pretty.
It's 10:00.
He's not here. / He isn't here.
They're not Spanish. / They aren't Spanish.
2. To have got
Affirmative
Short form
Negative
Short form
I have got
I've got
I have not got
I've not got I haven't got
you have got
you've got
you have not got
you've not got you haven't got
he has got
he's got
he has not got
he's not got he hasn't
she has got
she's got
she has not got
she's not got she hasn't got
it has got
it's got
it has not got
it's not got it hasn't got
we have got
we've got
we have not got
we've not got we haven't got
they have got
they've got
they have not got
they've not got they haven't got
Examples:
I've got a car.
You've got blue eyes.
He's got big feet.
It's [the cat] not got a home. / It hasn't got a home.
They've not got children. / They haven't got children.
Note: We do not use the short form of "to have" when it is used as the principal verb; only when it is used as the auxiliary verb (as we will see in the lesson on the present perfect tense).
When "to have" is the principal verb, we cannot say:
I've car.
He's blue eyes.
Note: We do not use the short form of "to have" when it is used as the principal verb; only when it is used as the auxiliary verb (as we will see in the lesson on the present perfect tense).
When "to have" is the principal verb, we cannot say:
I've car.
He's blue eyes.
3. To do
The verb "to do" only has a short form when it is used as an auxiliary verb and only in the negative.
Note: For more information on the use of "to do" as an auxiliary verb, see the lessons on verbs, constructing sentences and the present simple.
4. In addition to personal pronouns, we can use short forms with interrogative pronouns such as "what" and "where", as well as the following: "here", "there", and "that". In these cases, the short form only exists in the singular ("is").
Examples:
Where's the concert?
Who's that?
How's your father?
Here's the book.
That's mine.
Long Form
Short Form
What is
What's
Who is
Who's
When is
When's
Where is
Where's
How is
How's
Here is
Here's
There is
There's
That is
That's
Note: There are more short forms in other verb tenses which we will see in later lessons.
ES
Ejercicios
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