Las terminaciones “-ed” y “-ing” no sólo se usan para formar los tiempos verbales del pasado y presente continuo, también se usan con adjetivos. Estos adjetivos están compuestos de un verbo y estas dos terminaciones, pero ten en cuenta que el sentido cambia dependiendo de que terminación se use.
“-ed” Adjectives (Adjetivos terminando en “-ed”)
Los adjetivos que terminan en “-ed” indican o describen emociones. Estos adjetivos suelen acabar en “-ado” o “-ido” en español y van después del verbo “estar”.
Ejemplos:
| John is interested in art.(John está interesado en el arte.) |
| Denise was bored in class.(Denise estaba aburrida en clase.) |
| Luke is excited about his new job.(Luke está emocionado con su nuevo empleo.) |
“-ing” Adjectives (Adjetivos terminando en “-ing”)
Los adjetivos que terminan en “-ing” indican o describen una característica de algo o alguien. A diferencia de los adjetivos que terminan en (“‑ed”), no hay regla en español para formar estos adjetivos y van después del verbo “ser”.
Ejemplos:
| John is an interesting person.(John es una persona interesante.) |
| The class was boring so Denise fell asleep.(La clase era aburrida así que Denise se durmió.) |
| Luke started an exciting new job.(Luke acaba de empezar un nuevo empleo emocionante.) |
Nota: Como hemos mencionado anteriormente, el uso de un adjetivo en vez de otro cambia el sentido de la frase.
Ejemplos:
| Steve is embarrassed.(Steve está avergonzado.) |
| Steve is embarrassing.(Steve es vergonzoso.) |
A continuación tienes una lista de algunos de los adjetivos más comunes terminando en (“‑ed”) y “-ing”.
“-ed” Adjetivo | “-ing” Adjetivo |
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alarmed alarmado | alarming alarmante |
aggravated agravado | aggravating agravante |
annoyed molesto | annoying molesto |
astonished asombrado | astonishing asombroso |
astounded asombrado | astounding asombroso |
bored aburrido | boring aburrido |
captivated cautivado | captivating cautivador |
challenged desafiado | challenging desafiante |
charmed encantado | charming encantador |
comforted consolado | comforting consolador |
confused confuso | confusing confuso |
convinced convencido | convincing convincente |
depressed deprimido | depressing deprimente |
disappointed decepcionado | disappointing decepcionante |
discouraged desalentado | discouraging desalentador |
disgusted indignado | disgusting repugnante |
distressed preocupado | distressing preocupante |
disturbed perturbado | disturbing pertubador |
embarrassed avergonzado | embarrassing vergonzoso |
encouraged animado | encouraging alentador |
entertained entretenido | entertaining entretenido |
excited emocionado | exciting emocionante |
exhausted agotado | exhausting agotador |
fascinated fascinado | fascinating fascinante |
frightened asustado | frightening espantoso |
frustrated frustrado | frustrating frustrante |
fulfilled satisfecho | fulfilling satisfactorio |
gratified satisfecho | gratifying gratificante |
inspired inspirado | inspiring inspirador |
insulted insultado | insulting insultante |
interested interesado | interesting interesante |
moved emocionado | moving emocionante |
overwhelmed abrumado | overwhelming abrumador |
perplexed desconcertado | perplexing desconcertante |
pleased satisfecho | pleasing satisfactorio |
relaxed relajado | relaxing relajante |
relieved consolado | relieving consolador |
satisfied satisfecho | satisfying satisfactorio |
shocked conmocionado | shocking chocante |
sickened asqueado | sickening asqueroso |
soothed relajado | soothing relajante |
surprised sorprendido | surprising sorprendente |
tempted tentado | tempting tentador |
terrified aterrado | terrifying aterrador |
threatened amenazado | threatening amenazante |
thrilled emocionado | thrilling emocionante |
tired cansado | tiring agotador |
touched conmovido | touching conmovedor |
unsettled perturbado | unsettling perturbador |
worried preocupado | worrying preocupante |
The “-ed” and “-ing” endings are not only used to form the past and continuous verb tenses, they are used with adjectives as well. These adjectives are made using a verb and one of these two terminations, but be careful because the meaning of the adjective changes depending on which ending is used.
“-ed” Adjectives
Adjectives ending in “-ed” indicate or describe feelings.
| John is interested in art. |
| Denise was bored in class. |
| Luke is excited about his new job. |
“-ing” Adjectives
Adjectives ending in “-ing” indicate or describe a characteristic of something or someone.
| John is an interesting person. |
| The class was boring, so Denise fell asleep. |
| Luke started an exciting new job. |
Note: As mentioned above, the use of one adjective over the other changes the meaning of the sentence.
| Steve is embarrassed.(Meaning: Steve feels embarrassed.) |
| Steve is embarrassing.(Meaning: Steve acts in a manner which is embarrassing.) |
The following is a list of some of the more common adjectives ending in “-ed” and “-ing”.
“-ed” Adjective | “-ing” Adjective |
---|
alarmed | alarming |
aggravated | aggravating |
annoyed | annoying |
astonished | astonishing |
astounded | astounding |
bored | boring |
captivated | captivating |
challenged | challenging |
charmed | charming |
comforted | comforting |
confused | confusing |
convinced | convincing |
depressed | depressing |
disappointed | disappointing |
discouraged | discouraging |
disgusted | disgusting |
distressed | distressing |
disturbed | disturbing |
embarrassed | embarrassing |
encouraged | encouraging |
entertained | entertaining |
excited | exciting |
exhausted | exhausting |
fascinated | fascinating |
frightened | frightening |
frustrated | frustrating |
fulfilled | fulfilling |
gratified | gratifying |
inspired | inspiring |
insulted | insulting |
interested | interesting |
moved | moving |
overwhelmed | overwhelming |
perplexed | perplexing |
pleased | satisfying |
relaxed | relaxing |
relieved | relieving |
satisfied | satisfying |
shocked | shocking |
sickened | sickening |
soothed | soothing |
surprised | surprising |
tempted | tempting |
terrified | terrifying |
threatened | threatening |
thrilled | thrilling |
tired | tiring |
touched | touching |
unsettled | unsettling |
worried | worrying |
ES